Polyolefin foams are a relatively recent development in comparison with other foams such as polyurethane and poly-styrene. The main processes were introduced in the 1960s, with significant commercial operation production beginning in the 1970s. Polyolefins are tough, flexible and resistant to chemicals. Foams made from polyolefins inherit these properties. Most polyolefin foams have a closed-cell structure which makes the foams suitable for applications where buoyancy is important as well as providing resiliency for packing applications. In addition, polyolefin foams are used in building and construction, automobiles, insulation, sports and leisure, and agriculture.

Polyolefins used in foaming applications include polyethylene, polypropylene and copolymers, such as ethylene butyl acrylate. Manufacturing technologies for polyolefin foams are classified depending on type of blowing agent, degree of crosslinking and type of equipment.